The Healing of Bone and Cartilage

This article reviews osseous and cartilaginous healing with particular attention to the biology of bone and cartilage grafting. The healing of cortical versus cancellous grafts and the factors affecting bone graft survival are reviewed. Bone induction and vascularized bone transplantation are discussed. The intrinsic properties of cartilage that affect its use are detailed. Clinical examples of bone and cartilage grafting are presented.