Evolution of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Policies in China: A Grounded Theory Approach

Objective This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the development and practical application of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control policy systems in China by scrutinizing, analyzing, and synthesizing the evolution of Chinese policies in this domain. Methods Utilizing grounded theory, we employed NVivo12 software to perform text content analysis, mining, and coding classification, along with visualization techniques, on policy texts sourced from Chinese government platforms, including the official website of China’s State Council. We considered four analytical dimensions — time, subject, type, and object. Results The National Health Commission and the State Council emerged as the primary entities engaged in policymaking for HIV/AIDS in China. We identified four distinct stages in the evolution of these policies, culminating in a novel ‘sun-shaped’ HIV/AIDS prevention and control policy network model with an emphasis on ‘knowledge, attitude, and practice’ at its nucleus, which aligns with national conditions and societal progress. Furthermore, the focal groups of these policies have been dynamically refined and updated over time. Conclusions Our findings introduce a ‘sun-shaped’ HIV/AIDS prevention and control policy network model specific to China. We observed a conceptual policy shift towards prioritizing overall human health rather than confining the focus to disease treatment. Additionally, in light of China’s growing elderly population, the imperative to address HIV/AIDS prevention and control among older adults is an issue that warrants increased attention.