谷氨酸受体
星形胶质细胞
gaba转运蛋白
神经科学
谷氨酸脱羧酶
神经递质
γ-氨基丁酸受体
γ-氨基丁酸
加巴能
生物
神经胶质
细胞内
再摄取
中枢神经系统
化学
细胞生物学
受体
生物化学
抑制性突触后电位
酶
血清素
作者
Werner Kilb,Sergei Kirischuk
标识
DOI:10.3390/ijms232415859
摘要
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) mediating a variety of homeostatic functions, such as spatial K+ buffering or neurotransmitter reuptake. In addition, astrocytes are capable of releasing several biologically active substances, including glutamate and GABA. Astrocyte-mediated GABA release has been a matter of debate because the expression level of the main GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase is quite low in astrocytes, suggesting that low intracellular GABA concentration ([GABA]i) might be insufficient to support a non-vesicular GABA release. However, recent studies demonstrated that, at least in some regions of the CNS, [GABA]i in astrocytes might reach several millimoles both under physiological and especially pathophysiological conditions, thereby enabling GABA release from astrocytes via GABA-permeable anion channels and/or via GABA transporters operating in reverse mode. In this review, we summarize experimental data supporting both forms of GABA release from astrocytes in health and disease, paying special attention to possible feedback mechanisms that might govern the fine-tuning of astrocytic GABA release and, in turn, the tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition in the CNS.
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