Nanocomposites as Catalysts in Organic Photochemistry

This chapter explores the comprehensive body of literature pertaining to the application of nano-photocatalysts within the domain of fine chemical synthesis of organic compounds. Traditional techniques employed in laboratories and industries for organic compound synthesis heavily rely on non-renewable energy sources, often demanding conditions of extreme temperature and pressure. Nevertheless, an increasing global awareness regarding the importance of energy conservation has directed focus towards photocatalysis in recent years. Photocatalysts have been widely demonstrated to effectively catalyze a range of organic reactions, including additions, redox processes, cyclization, and decomposition. The emergence of nanotechnology has facilitated the reduction in the size of photocatalytic materials as they can be transformed from their bulk form to the nanoscale more easily, thus significantly improving their adaptability and performance. Progress also made in both materials chemistry and nanotechnology has enabled the synthesis of novel types of nano-photocatalysts, allowing the precise control and design of their properties at the molecular scale. Throughout this chapter, an orderly presentation of diverse nano-photocatalysts based on their composition and mechanism of action is given. Considering the profound impact of synthesis protocols on the chemoselectivity and activity of nano-photocatalysts, an inclusive overview of common synthesis methodologies is provided. Additionally, this chapter underscores the array of organic conversions feasible under UV/visible irradiation using these nanomaterials. These nano-photocatalysts exhibit significant potential in promoting environmentally sustainable production of precious organic compounds. We anticipate that this comprehensive chapter will shed light on the existing research in this domain, paving the way for further advancements in this socially significant field.