(Invited) Battery-Free Wearable and Implantable Electronics for Chronic Disease Management

60% of Americans live with at least one chronic disease. These diseases and their associated comorbidities are now the leading causes of death in the United States. The effective management of complex chronic diseases requires body-wide, long-term, accurate, and continuous monitoring of multiple physiological signals from wearable and implantable devices to precisely determine the pathological state. Wearable physiological signal monitoring can dramatically reduce the demand for physician visits and increase patients' engagement and treatment adherence rates. Specifically, battery-free wearables and implantable electronics reduce device volume and mechanical stiffness, significantly improving wear comfort, which is highly desirable for next-generation wearable and implantable electronics. However, battery-free wearables and implantable electronics still face many challenges, mainly wireless energy and data transfer. To address these challenges, my research has been involved in the exploration of rational system design concepts, material and device fabrication innovation, and tailored algorithms to enable smart battery-free wearables and implantable electronics targeting next-generation chronic disease management. Here, I would like to discuss two of my developed technology platforms to elaborate on the concept of battery-free wearable and implantable systems. First, I will describe an RFID-based body area sensor network technology platform. This technology uses electromagnetic waves and RF antennas as energy and data transmission media and has broad applications in sleep tracking, workout monitoring, chronic wound healing, and inflammation management. Second, I will describe a triboelectric transducer-based implantable battery-free device. This technology platform uses ultrasound waves and triboelectric transducers as energy and data transmission media and has broad applications in implantable sensing. Overall, the developed technology platforms can assess multiple health outcomes and treatment responses to various chronic diseases. Ultimately, this technology will help reduce the burden of chronic diseases, lower medical costs, and provide a better quality of life for patients. (1,2,3,4) References: 1. "A Wireless Body Area Sensor Network System Based on Stretchable Passive Tags". Nature Electronics 2019, 2, 361. 2. "High-Frequency and Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Diodes". Nature 2021, 600, 246-252. 3. "Wireless, closed-loop, smart bandage with integrated sensors and stimulators for advanced wound care and accelerated healing". Nature Biotechnology 2023, 41, 652-662. 4. “An Ultrasound-Driven Implantable Wireless Energy Harvesting System Using Triboelectric Transducer”. Matter 2022, 5, 4315-4331.