Soil Biogeochemical Factors Influencing Mobilization of Toxic Elements in Mine-Contaminated Soils and Remediation Potential of Plants

This study provides a current review on the impact and presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the environment as they pertain to mining operations. Emphasis is placed on the significance of implementing strategies to mitigate PTE contamination to safeguard the health of humans, plants, and animals. The significance of soil biogeochemical or governing factors that affect the mobilization of potentially toxic elements in mine-contaminated soils is examined in this study. Furthermore, these parameters assist the researcher or scientist in determining which remediation and mitigation strategies are most suitable for the contaminated site. The paper explains how soil pH impacts the toxicity and behavior of metal and nonmetal species. It describes how the mobility of cationic trace elements is enhanced at lower pH levels, whereas the mobility of anionic species is increased at higher pH levels. Additionally, the significance of soil redox chemistry in relation to the mobility and solubility of trace elements, specifically in the presence of inundation, is thoroughly elaborated in this review. Furthermore, this study presents the impact of redox conditions on the fare of transport of PTEs in flooded soils and aquatic environments. Ultimately, we argue compelling justifications for eco-friendly alternatives, revegetation, phyto-cleaning of PTEs, and restoration of contaminated mine sites.