Biomimetic Nanofluidic Devices: From Functionalization to Emerging Biomedical Applications

Biomimetic nanofluidic devices have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical analysis due to their nanoconfinement effects and label-free detection capabilities. These engineered nanoplatforms enable precise monitoring of ionic dynamics, molecular interactions, and neural signal simulation, offering versatile solutions for clinical diagnostics and pharmacological studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in biomimetic nanofluidic technology for biomedical applications. We begin by outlining innovative fabrication strategies and surface functionalization approaches that enable the engineering of nanofluidic devices. Second, the ion transport in nanochannels and their response mechanism toward various targets are systematically discussed. Then, their current applications in clinical diagnosis, artificial synaptic and neuromorphic construction, and drug screening are summarized. Finally, we presented insights into challenges and future perspectives about biomimetic nanofluidic devices. This review aims to guide the rational design of biomimetic nanochannel-based nanoplatforms for high-performance biomedical applications.