Engineered extracellular vesicles for delivery of siRNA promoting targeted repair of traumatic spinal cord injury

. C-EVs-siRNA specifically delivered siRNA to the SCI region and was taken up by target cells. C-EVs-siRNA used the inherent anti-inflammatory and neuroreparative functions of iNSCs-derived EVs in synergy with the loaded siRNA, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect against SCI. The combination of targeted modified EVs and siRNA effectively regulated the microenvironmental disturbance after SCI, promoted the transformation of microglia/macrophages from M1 to M2 and limited the negative effects of the inflammatory response and neuronal injury on functional recovery in mice after SCI. Thus, engineered EVs are a potentially feasible and efficacious treatment for SCI, and may also be used to develop targeted treatments for other diseases.