Estimation of Gross Nitrogen Transformations and Nitrogen Retention in Grassland Soils Using FLUAZ

The flux of N through mineralization–immobilization turnover (MIT) in grassland soils is a major determinant for plant N uptake and for N loss processes. In this study we investigated the dynamics of gross N transformation rates and potential N retention on mineral fertilizer addition in three permanent grassland soils of varying texture (loamy sand, loam, and clay loam). Gross N transformation rates were calculated with the 15 N‐tracing model FLUAZ. Differentially 15 N‐labeled NH 4 NO 3 (at a rate of 100 mg N kg −1 soil) was added to the soils in paired laboratory incubation experiments. Size and 15 N enrichment of the NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and soil organic N pools were measured at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 d after NH 4 NO 3 addition. The accuracy of the simulations of the data using FLUAZ were robust, but tended to decrease (i) with increasing incubation times, (ii) with increasing duration of the time intervals considered, and (iii) with increasing experimental variability. The proportion of the initial N content mineralized on incubation was largest in the loamy sand soil (2.5%), followed by the clay loam soil (1.2%) and the loam soil (0.8%). The actual gross nitrification and N immobilization activity followed the same trend. The loam soil showed the lowest relative N retention (ratio N immobilization over [gross N mineralization + gross nitrification]), which was attributed to its low C availability. In general, the 15 N retention after addition of 15 NH 4 14 NO 3 was approximately five times larger than after addition of 14 NH 4 15 NO 3