Smart biosensors and intelligent devices for salivary biomarker detection

Smart and intelligent designs beyond conventionality of the biosensors offer promising prospects for portable, flexible, multifunctional, and efficient operation which enable to realize real-time, fast, and in-vivo detection of interest biomarkers in saliva. This review focus on the recent progress made in design of smart biosensor and intelligent device for salivary biomarker detection. The first part mainly discusses the smart design of biosensors for non-invasive detection of salivary biomarkers, including printing technology, microfluidic chip, organic thin-film transistors, colorimetric paper strip, and self-designed flexible or planar biosensors. The highly integrated biodevices such as portable mouthguard biosensors, smartphone-based biosensors with wireless transmission, data processing, and analysis functions are specially highlighted in the second part. Such designed electrodes and biodevices for assessing a wide range of salivary biomarkers are emerging as promising diagnostic or screening tools for realizing home testing or real-time monitoring to improve the quality of life in near future.