The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family is at present the only one kind of blockers of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. It plays an essential role as a regulator in apoptosis. In according to recent researches, this article summarized the action of caspase family in apoptosis, the structure characteristics of IAP family, anti-apoptosis principle of IAP family and its negative control. To understand more about apoptosis may provide us with some important strategies for treating diseases related to apoptotic imbalance.