生物
微观世界
微生物生态学
生态学
生态系统
微生物种群生物学
生物地球化学循环
丰度(生态学)
抵抗性
微生物群
相对物种丰度
功能多样性
溶原循环
土壤微生物学
基因组
毒力
生物多样性
社区
氮气循环
营养物
功能生态学
土壤生态学
噬菌体
寄主(生物学)
微生物
物种多样性
环境变化
生态生理学
遗传多样性
病毒感染
土壤碳
生态系统多样性
多样性(政治)
作者
Tian-Gui Cai,Da Lin,Lijuan Ma,Ya-Ning Wang,Ya-Ning Wang,Bang Ni,Mao Ye,Yi-Fei Wang,Yi-Fei Wang,Dong Zhu
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6c01941
摘要
Microplastic (MP) contamination and drought are pervasive global stressors threatening soil ecosystem stability. Yet, the combined effects of MP diversity and drought on soil microbial and viral ecology remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a controlled microcosm experiment to examine how increasing MP diversity (0, 1, 3, and 5 types) influences soil bacterial and viral communities, biogeochemical cycling, and ecological risk under drought stress. Degradable MPs exerted stronger effects than nondegradable MPs, altering microbial composition and functional gene profiles. Compared to adequate moisture, drought significantly altered the composition of bacterial and viral communities, enhanced the abundance of functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen fixation, and elevated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) as the diversity of degradable MPs increased. In response to the increasing diversity of degradable MPs under drought, viral communities exhibited an increased abundance of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) and a higher prevalence of lysogenic lifestyles as an adaptive strategy to environmental stress. Rhizobacter, a key host lacking annotated antiviral defense systems, carried abundant ARGs and VFGs and showed strong positive associations with viral abundance, which suggests it may serve as a crucial hotspot for horizontal gene transfer. These findings reveal that increasing diversity of degradable MPs under drought altered microbial composition, potentially accelerated nutrient turnover, and amplified ecological risks, emphasizing the need to consider multistressor interactions in environmental risk assessments.
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