Pectin-essential oil composite films for active food packaging: A comprehensive review

The development of biodegradable films as a sustainable food packaging solution has gained significant attention in recent years. Although pectin is abundant and has potential as a food packaging material, it has limitations in mechanical properties, water vapor barrier, and antimicrobial activity, so it needs to be combined with other polymers. Essential oils (EOs) are often used in pectin composite films to enhance antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This study presents an analysis of research trends, significant findings, and prospects in this domain, employing a bibliometric methodology. Additionally, this study offers insights into the controlled release of EOs in pectin films, its impact on film properties, and its applications in various food products, employing a systematic review approach. This study investigates 132 documents obtained from Scopus. The results of this study indicate that pectin-EOs composite films have undergone significant development, particularly in India. The highest number of publications was recorded in 2024 (36 documents). In addition, pectin–EOs composite films have been shown to significantly enhance film performance and stability through the optimal use of EOs dosage, the selection of compatible matrices, and the application of innovative encapsulation methods. Therefore, pectin–EOs films have significant potential for safe, biodegradable, and high-value active packaging due to their properties and functions in food packaging.