Behavior of Flies in the Genus Toxotrypana (Trypetinae: Toxotrypanini)

Gerstaecker, also known as the papaya fruit fly. It has been studied principally because it is a pest of papaya fruit and is widely distributed from south Florida and south Texas of the United States through much of Central America and northern South America, including a number of Caribbean islands (Knab and Yothers 1914; Lawrence 1976).