化学
瞬态(计算机编程)
动力学
催化作用
稳态(化学)
表征(材料科学)
化学动力学
化学工程
物理化学
纳米技术
有机化学
工程类
物理
操作系统
量子力学
材料科学
计算机科学
作者
Schohn L. Shannon,James S. Goodwin
出处
期刊:Chemical Reviews
[American Chemical Society]
日期:1995-05-01
卷期号:95 (3): 677-695
被引量:285
摘要
Steady-state isotopic-transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) is a very useful technique for the kinetic study of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. The technique is based upon the detection of isotopic labels in the reactor effluent species versus time following a switch (step change) in the isotopic labeling of one of the reactant species in the reactor feed. In addition to maintaining isothermal and isobaric reaction conditions, the reactant and product concentrations and flow rates remain undisturbed during the step change. Thus, in the absence of isotopic mass effects, steady-state reaction conditions are maintained under isotopic-transient operation. The reaction intermediates present on the catalyst surface do not change, and unlike for other transient techniques, analysis of the steady-state kinetic behavior of the catalyst surface is possible. An isotopic-step input is typically used so that the transient behavior of the less-active catalytic sites is included in the kinetic determinations, information which may be lost when using an isotopic-pulse technique. Steady-state kinetic information which has been obtained from SSITKA includes concentrations of different types of adsorbed reaction intermediates, coverages, surface lifetimes, site heterogeneity, activity distributions, and identification of possible mechanisms. This overview of SSITKA includes discussions of the technique of steady-state isotopic-transient labeling for kinetic study,more » the mathematical formalisms used in transient analysis, the kinetic parameters which can be obtained, the experimental considerations of the technique, and the reactions to which SSITKA has been applied. 98 refs.« less
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