Evaluation the effect of autologous bone marrow – derived mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment in diabetic rabbits

ground: Type 1 diabetes is the result of an autoimmune attack against the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Current treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes typically involves a rigorous and invasive regimen of testing blood glucose levels many times a day along with injections of recombinant insulin. Many recent researches have shown that stem cell therapy can be the best choice for treatment of this disease. The aims of this research were investigating regeneration of pancreatic beta cells of type 1 diabetic rabbits after stem cell transplantation. Materials and Methods: 32 rabbits weighting an average of (2.5 - 3 kg) were used in this experimental study, and divided into 2 groups as follows; group A ( contains 16 controlled diabetic rabbits received insulin as a treatment ) and group B ( contains 16 diabetic rabbits received autologous mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment).The induction of diabetes was achieved by a single dose of intravenous injection of the Alloxan, which was administered to the rabbits via the marginal ear vein, mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into insulin - producing cells and reimplanted into the rabbits of group B with daily monitoring of blood glucose level and body weight. Results: The insulin - producing cells regulated the hyperglycemia resulted from diabetic rabbits , 7 to 9 days after reimplantation the blood glucose level were decreased from about( 400 mg/dl into 180 mg/dl). Conclusions: Islet-like functional cells can be differentiate d from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which may be a new procedure for clinical diabetes stem -cell therapy, these cells controlled blood glucose level in diabetic rabbits as the effect of insulin. MSCs play an important role in diabetes therapy by islet differentiation and