Probiotics alleviate chronic ethanol exposure-induced anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal neuroinflammation in male mice through gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles

Our study demonstrates that extracellular vesicles secreted by the gut microbiota can influence the nervous system via the microbial-gut-brain axis. Furthermore, we found that the extracellular vesicles secreted by the gut microbiota from the probiotic group exert a beneficial therapeutic effect on anxiety and hippocampal neuroinflammation.