Opening Up to Social Robots: How Emotions Drive Self-Disclosure Behavior

Self-disclosing to others can benefit emotional well-being, but socio-emotional barriers can limit people's ability to do so. Self-disclosing towards social robots can help overcome these obstacles as robots lack judgment and can establish rapport. To further understand the influence of affective factors on people's self-disclosure to social robots, this study examined the relationship between self-disclosure behaviour towards a social robot and people's emotional states and their perception of the robot's responses as comforting (i.e., being emphatic). The study included 1160 units of observation collected from 39 participants who conversed with the social robot Pepper (SoftBank Robotics) twice a week for 5 weeks (10 sessions in total), answering three personal questions in each session. Results show that perceiving the robot's responses as more comforting was positively related to self-disclosure behaviour (in terms of disclosure duration in seconds, and disclosure length in number of words), and negative emotional states, such as lower mood, and higher feelings of loneliness and stress, were associated with higher rates of self-disclosure towards the robot. Additionally, higher rates of introversion significantly predicted higher rates of self-disclosure towards the robot. The study reveals the meaningful influence of affective states on how people behave when talking to social robots, especially when experiencing negative emotions. These findings may have implications for designing and developing social robots in therapeutic contexts.