Bio‐inspired Thermal Diode with Anti‐Gravity Unidirectional Heat Transfer and Switchable Functionality for Intelligent Thermal Management

Abstract Phase‐change thermal diodes with asymmetric and adjustable heat transfer capacity exhibit great application prospects in spacecraft heat management and solar energy storage. Current heat modulation strategies mainly depend on the anisotropic assistance from gravity and the rectification ratio can hardly be adjusted due to the immobilized inner structures. Here, a novel bioinspired thermal diode vapor chamber has been carried out with magnetic microgroove cones array sealed between two copper plates, where the evaporating plate with porous copper foam can reserve water and the condensing plate with patterned wettability can coagulate vapor into droplets at designated spot. With microgroove cones rooting from the evaporating plate and their tips contacting the condensing plate, these cones can directionally and rapidly transport condensed liquid from the condensing plate to evaporating plate under the unbalanced strong capillarity while prohibiting water flowing backward. This eventually leads to unidirectional liquid‐vapor circulation and anti‐gravitational directional heat transferring with a rectification ratio as high as 7.4. Such flowing of liquid can also be regulated by magnetically controlling the bending of cones to realize switched ON–OFF of thermal diode and achieve further modulation of heat management. This bioinspired thermal diode vapor chamber provides new ideas for intelligent thermal management systems.