Wetland ecosystem service values in Beijing significantly increased from 1984 to 2020: Trend changes, type evolution, and driving factor

Wetlands play a key role in maintaining the ecological security and sustainable economic development for Beijing, the capital city of China. However, the dynamic changes on the wetland ecosystem service values (ESV) in Beijing over the past decades remain unknown. In this research, we analyzed changing trend, the evolution of service types and their driving factors of wetlands ESV in Beijing based on the statistical data from 1984 to 2020 with trend test and gray correlation. The results revealed that the wetlands ESV in Beijing showed a remarkable increasing trend. The wetland ecosystem service types were not set in stone. Although the proportion of the regulation services value decreased by about one-third, it was still the dominant wetlands ecosystem service (ES) type in Beijing. More importantly, socioeconomic development was the most considerable influence on changes in wetland ESV, followed by human activities, and natural factors had the least impact.