Choline Phosphate-Grafted Nanozymes as Universal Extracellular Vesicle Probes for Bladder Cancer Detection

= 9) after surgery, the Pt@CP-based immunoassay could report the postoperative residual tumor that cannot be observed by cystoscopy, which is clinically significant for assessing BC recurrence. This work provides generally high sensitivity for EV detection, facilitating the discovery and clinical use of EV-based biomarkers.