Macrophage-derived mitochondria-rich extracellular vesicles aggravate bone loss in periodontitis by disrupting the mitochondrial dynamics of BMSCs

The transfer of mitochondria to BMSCs via MEVs exacerbates alveolar bone resorption through LCN2/OMA1/OPA1 signaling in periodontitis. Inhibition of LCN2 alleviates inflammatory bone loss, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for periodontitis.