Survival Benefit of Relmacabtagene Autoleucel Versus Usual Care in Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: A Matching‐Adjusted Indirect Analysis

ABSTRACT Little is known about the survival benefit of relmacabtagene autoleucel (relma‐cel) in the current therapeutic landscape of relapsed/refractory (r/r) follicular lymphoma (FL). The current study compared the survival outcomes of Chinese FL patients administered relma‐cel in RELIANCE (NCT04089215) and usual care in a retrospective, observational, large‐scale real‐world study (RWS). An indirect treatment comparison was carried out for 27 patients from RELIANCE and 53 patients from the RWS in China. Additionally, a direct comparison was made with the SCHOLAR‐5 study, which assessed available treatment options abroad. After propensity score matching, disease status (FLIPI2 score, histological grade, relapse status, POD24) in the relma‐cel group appeared to indicate more severe disease versus the usual care group. Nevertheless, median progression‐free survival (PFS) was not reached (95% CI 8.97‐NR) for relma‐cel versus 19.98 months (95% CI 16.03–28.98) for usual care, indicating a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.40 (95% CI 0.13–1.23). Besides, a comparative analysis of RELIANCE and SCHOLAR‐5, applying available treatment options abroad, revealed an HR for PFS of 0.20 (95% CI 0.07–0.58). At 24 months, 100% of patients survived after relma‐cel infusion, versus 38.2% after usual care in China and 62.7% after usual care treatment in SCHOLAR‐5, respectively. Relma‐cel exhibits superior survival benefits versus current conventional therapies in r/r FL patients after ≥ 2 treatment lines.