Examining the Use of Biochar as a Sustainable Green Supplement in Cement Mortar and Concrete Blend

The construction sector’s substantial carbon footprint necessitates the development of novel approaches for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and simultaneously maintaining structural integrity. Biochar, a highly porous, carbon-rich solid produced through biomass pyrolysis, is increasingly recognized as a beneficial additive within cementitious systems, contributing to both performance enhancement and sustainability. Traditionally employed in applications such as heavy metal remediation, soil improvement, and renewable energy storage, biochar has recently demonstrated potential in concrete technology by serving as a partial cement replacement. This comprehensive review critically examines the integration of biochar in concrete, focusing on its implications for sustainable construction. Key aspects include biochar production processes, material characterization methodologies, and its influence on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. By addressing these fundamental parameters, this review provides a detailed assessment of biochar’s role in reducing cement dependency while maintaining or improving structural performance. The findings underscore biochar-concrete composites as a significant advancement toward the growth of environmentally responsible and high-performance construction materials.