Psychological Features of Comparative Translation of Everyday Vocabulary

The aim of the study was to identify the theoretical and psychological factors that influenced the translation of household vocabulary in a bilingual environment. The research methodology was based on a combination of cognitive and cultural approaches with elements of empirical analysis, and it was conducted in February-March 2025 at the B. Yeltsin Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University in the city of Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan). The theoretical analysis confirmed that the translator acted as a fully-fledged cultural mediator who worked not only with linguistic material but also with deeply encoded emotional and cultural meanings. Psychological factors such as cognitive load, emotional sensitivity, empathy, and cultural intuition significantly influenced the quality of translation. It was determined that household vocabulary was filled with cognitive-cultural connotations and was linked to the individual experiences of speakers, social roles, and emotional associations. According to the survey results, 87.5% of participants (21 out of 24) stated about experiencing difficulties translating lexemes with deep cultural significance, and 75% (18 people) reported emotional involvement in fragments related to national traditions. The emotional response was rated on average at 3.6 points, indicating a high degree of empathetic interaction with the text. The lowest scores were recorded for confidence in translation decisions (3.2 points), which was due to the absence of direct equivalents in the target language. The highest score was given to the parameter of the need to consult cultural sources (4.1 points), which once again confirmed the key role of background knowledge in working with household vocabulary. The practical value of the study lay in the fact that its findings could be used to improve translator training programmes, particularly in the aspect of developing emotional sensitivity, cultural intuition, and psychological resilience.