Specialized production is an important choice to increase agricultural efficiency ,promote sustained increase in farmer income, and crack "three rural" issues.With survey data from 882 farmers of 82 counties of 17 provinces, using Logistic regression model, this paper conducts an empirical test on factors affecting the farmers' specialized production.The results show that the farmers' specialized production is affected significantly by the combined effect of multiple factors such as literacy, agricultural training, attitudes toward risk of head of household ,and family size, land size, product type, distance to the town and the proportion of migrant workers.