Sensitivity enhancement by using few-layer black phosphorus-graphene/TMDCs heterostructure in surface plasmon resonance biochemical sensor

The heterostructure of two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising and useful in the field of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biochemical sensors. To enhance the sensitivity, we design a novel SPR biochemical sensor by using heterostructures of few-layer black phosphorus (BP) and graphene/transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The SPR biochemical sensor based on the different heterostructures of BP and graphene/TMDCs are analyzed, and the highest sensitivity with 279°/RIU for the heterostructure of BP and bilayer WSe2 is obtained. Moreover, the proposed biochemical sensor can be used to detect the analyte with different refractive index. The most prominent advantage of the proposed structure is its high sensitivity. The maximum sensitivity of our proposed SPR biochemical sensor is about 2.4 times of the conventional biochemical sensor. We believe that this biochemical sensor could find potential applications in chemical examination, medical diagnosis and biological detection.