Conductive polyethersulfone membrane facilely prepared by simultaneous phase inversion method for enhanced anti-fouling and separation under low driven-pressure

Electrically conductive membranes have been regarded as a new alternative to overcome the crucial drawbacks of membranes, including permeability-selectivity trade-off and fouling. It is still challenging to prepare conductive membranes with good mechanical strength, high conductivity and stable separation performance by reliable materials and methods. This work developed a facile method of simultaneous phase inversion to prepare electrically conductive polyethersulfone (PES) membranes with carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene (Gr). The resultant MWCNT/Gr/PES nanocomposite membranes are composed of the upper MWCNT/Gr layer with good conductivity and the base PES layer providing mechanical support. MWCNT as nanofillers effectively turns the insulting PES layers to be electrically conductive. With the dispersing and bridging functions of Gr, the MWCNT/Gr layer shows an enhanced electric conductivity of 0.10 S/cm. This MWCNT/Gr/PES membrane in an electro-filtration cell achieves excellent retention of Cu(II) ions up to 98 % and a high flux of 94.5 L m−2∙h−1∙bar−1 under a low driven-pressure of 0.1 MPa. The conductive membrane also shows improved anti-fouling capability during protein filtration, due mainly to the electrostatic repulsion and hydrogen evolution reaction on the electrode. This facile strategy has excellent potential in electro-assistant membrane filtration for fouling control and effective separation.