肠内分泌细胞
受体
内分泌系统
胰高血糖素样肽-1
胃肠道
生物
分泌物
内分泌学
内科学
肠上皮
肠促胰岛素
细胞生物学
激素
上皮
生物化学
医学
糖尿病
2型糖尿病
遗传学
作者
Jens J. Holst,Daniel S. Andersen,Kaare V. Grunddal
摘要
The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 even before it leaves the gut, but it seems to act predominantly via activation of intestinal sensory neurons expressing GLP-1 receptors. Thus, activation of vagal afferents is probably responsible for its effects on appetite and food intake, gastrointestinal secretion and motility, and pancreatic endocrine secretion. However, GLP-1 receptors are widely expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including epithelial cells in the stomach, and the Brunner glands, in endocrine cells of the gut epithelium, and on mucosal lymphocytes. In this way, GLP-1 may have important local actions of epithelial protection and endocrine signalling and may interact with the immune system. We review the formation and release of GLP-1 from the endocrine L cells and its fate after release and describe the localization of its receptor throughout the GI tract and discuss its direct or indirect actions in the GI tract. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc.
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