Stabilizing perovskite-substrate interfaces for high-performance perovskite modules

Avoiding buried voids The buried interfaces of perovskite solar cells are difficult to alter after synthesis. During manufacture, Chen et al . removed perovskite films with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent from the hole-transfer layer and observed a substantial void fraction that degraded film performance. Replacing most of the dimethyl sulfoxide with carbohydrazide, a lead-coordinating compound with a much higher boiling point, eliminated voids. Such solar cells maintained high power conversion efficiency after 550 hours of operation at 60°C. —PDS