CRP, D-dimer, fibrinogen and ESR as predictive markers of response to standard doses of levocetirizine in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria

According to current guidelines, non-sedative H1-antihistamines (nsAH) are the first-line therapy of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). But even up-dosed antihistamines (to four times the standard dose) produce symptom resolution in less than 50% of patients. Biomarkers that can predict the response to nsAH are still unknown. We carried out a prospective study and used discriminant analysis to evaluate the combination of D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and ESR values for predicting the outcome of treatment with levocetirizine in 84 CSU patients. We found that elevation of these parameters is associated with more active disease, low quality of life and lack of response to standard doses of levocetirizine. Thus, evaluation of these markers may be considered useful before starting treatment with nsAH. The mechanisms behind the increase in these parameters in CSU patients need to be elucidated in further studies.