Boosting sulfamethoxazole degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation: Critical comparison of intrinsic and external nitrogen-doped biochar modulated by pore former

⁻. This difference stems from variations in surface N functionalities and CO. Optimization of the urea-to-biomass ratio yields a BC catalyst with high stability across a broad pH range (3-9) and strong resistance to coexisting ions (up to 20 mM).