To study the performance decay of an antiaircraft machine gun,a life test for the barrel of the gun was done and detailed data was obtained.A set of performance decay data of life time was presented.Based on the analysis of the experimental data and product acceptance test data of previous years,the changing law and the cause of the loss in the muzzle velocity,bullet dispersion accuracy,barrel erosion and changing patterns of bore dimension during firing rounds were analyzed.A new understanding of performance decay and its influence of a large caliber machine gun barrel in lifetime were presented.This investigation is valuable for the modification of the acceptance test method,operation and maintenance's regulation and production design of the large caliber machine gun.