Effects of Mo/W codoping on the visible-light photocatalytic activity of monoclinic BiVO4 within the GGA + U framework

Mo or W atom doping on V site can form continuum states above conduction band edge of BiVO₄. Mo/W/Mo and W/Mo/W co-doped BiVO₄ have relatively small formation energies and band gaps, which is particularly suitable for visible-light photocatalysis.