Recent advances of two-dimensional molybdenum oxides

Over two decades have passed since the successful exfoliation of graphene, which initiated the exploration of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Since then, this vibrant group has expanded to encompass a variety of new materials. Among these, molybdenum (Mo)-based oxides with 2D structures have attracted growing interest. Due to their remarkable properties, 2D Mo-based oxides have ensured their prominent position in cutting-edge scientific domains, including energy applications, catalysis and electronic devices. This review systematically examines recent advancements in the synthesis, structural regulation, and applications of 2D Mo-based oxides. Firstly, a detailed overview of various synthesis techniques is given, including but not limited to hydrothermal methods, physical vapor deposition, and chemical vapor deposition, enabling the production of high-quality 2D Mo-based oxides. Subsequently, strategies are presented for structural regulation through doping, interface engineering, and interlayer tuning. Finally, recent application developments in energy conversion and storage, catalysis, sensing, and optoelectronic devices are highlighted. Furthermore, an outlook on potential future trends is provided at the conclusion of the review, aiming to advance the practical deployment of 2D Mo-based oxides in emerging technologies.