Piperidine-based ionic liquid additive with electrostatic shielding and redox activity enabling advanced lithium–oxygen batteries

Here, we propose a piperidine-based ionic liquid additive. The electrostatic shielding effect of the piperidine cation (PP13⁺) effectively inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites. Simultaneously, the redox activity of the bromine anion synergistically reduces the overpotential. This approach significantly improves the cycling performance of lithium-oxygen batteries.