GABA in early brain development: A dual role review

Abstract This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted roles of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in early brain development. GABA, traditionally recognized for its inhibitory functions in the mature brain, also exhibits excitatory effects during early neural development. This article explores the mechanisms behind GABA's dual roles, detailing its impact on the properties of the immature brain, the mechanisms of GABA‐mediated excitation, the role of GABA‐mediated presynaptic inhibition, the trophic actions of GABA during early development, GABA regulation of neurite growth and GABA‐mediated cell differentiation in the immature brain. Emphasizing recent research findings, the review highlights the significance of GABAergic signalling in shaping the developing brain and its potential implications for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.