Characterization and biological properties of marine by-product collagen through ultrasound-assisted extraction

Marine collagen can be extracted from marine by-products such as skin, scale, bone, and swim bladder which cause enormous waste problems worldwide (20–80%). In recent years studies of collagen extraction methods have developed from conventional methods (acid extraction and pepsin extraction method) to a novel method (ultrasound-assisted extraction method) to increase the quality and quantity of collagen. In this review paper, the methods of collagen extraction and analysis are compared to understand the effect on its physicochemical properties. Marine collagen can be used in the food, cosmetic and medical industries. The results show that marine collagen extracted using conventional methods assisted with ultrasonication results in a higher yield percentage and better quality compared to the extraction process without ultrasonication.