Progress Towards Scaling Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Modules

Significant progress is being made in scaling metal halide perovskite solar module technology for fabricating durable efficient perovskite sub modules suitable for high-efficiency mechanically-stacked perovskite / silicon tandem modules. Semi-transparent 100 cm2submodule efficiencies of 16% have been achieved using scalable non-vacuum processing of perovskite films; refinements in raw materials selection, in superstrate preparation, and in coating and patterning process control have tightened device efficiency distribution. Low-loss monolithic integration has been demonstrated using industrial patterning and contacting tools and techniques; geometric fill factors approaching 95% have been achieved. Device designs and materials selection have increased cell stability and module durability; accelerated tests are underway.