Enzymatic Biosensor Platforms for Non-infectious Diseases: Diagnosis of Metabolic Disorders

Rapid and accurate diagnoses of diseases are important determinants required for optimal improvements in public health. Conventional in vitro diagnostics used for the detection of metabolic or infectious diseases are time-consuming and require well-equipped laboratories and experienced personnel. Recent advancement in the diagnostic technologies coupled with the developing biosensor-based machinery has the potential to deliver point-of-care devices that match or surpass conventional standards regarding time, accuracy, and cost. Broadly classified, modern biosensors take advantage of micro- and nanofabrication technologies and diverse sensing strategies including optical, electrical, and mechanical transducers. Here in this chapter, we have reviewed the enzyme-based biosensors for their analytical performance in metabolic diseases and their ground-level problems. Enzyme-based biosensors are complex analytical devices formed by using knowledge on various subjects like electrochemistry, materials science, polymer synthesis, enzymology, and biological chemistry. This chapter discusses different types of enzyme-based biosensors; their properties, methods, and techniques used for sensor fabrications; and their applications in different fields with some selected examples. We evaluated here the advances of biosensors for metabolic or non-infectious disease diagnosis and discuss the critical challenges that need to be overcome to implement integrated diagnostic biosensors in real-world settings.