Effects of Cognitive–Motor and Motor–Motor Dual Tasks on Gait Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenia

Background: With the advent of global aging, the health of the older population has become a critical public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dual-tasking on gait performance in patients with sarcopenia. Methods: Thirty participants with sarcopenia (age: 70.73 ± 4.12 yr, MMSE score: 26.90 ± 3.00), including 14 males and 16 females, were selected according to the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia. All participants were instructed to perform the gait test in three modes: single task (ST), cognitive–motor dual task (CMDT), and motor–motor dual task (MMDT). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effects of different task types on gait parameters of the participants. Results: (1) Compared with ST walking, gait frequency, step length, and step speed decreased, and the gait cycle and double-support phase increased in patients with sarcopenia during dual-task walking (p < 0.05); (2) Compared with ST walking, gait variability indices such as stride frequency, stride length, and support period significantly increased in patients with sarcopenia during dual-task walking (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The increased difficulty in postural control caused by dual-task interference may reduce the safety of motor strategies in patients with sarcopenia and increase the risk of falls. Future studies should focus on the effects of exercise interventions on multitasking patterns in people with sarcopenia to promote balance function in these populations.