Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Improved Performance and Long-Term Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Rapid progress and advancement in the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been witnessed in the recent past. PSCs are being fronted as the next-generation devices for cost-effective and high-efficiency solar energy conversion. They are characterized by high absorption coefficients and superior photovoltaic performance. Nonetheless, PSCs suffer from poor device stability and charge transport. Graphene, because of its unique material properties such as high carrier mobility, and material strength, has the potential to circumvent the challenges of PSCs. Further, graphene-based nanocomposites extend the functionality of graphene for solution-based device processing. The graphene-based nanocomposites improve charge transport via the creation of charge percolation pathways and enhance charge extraction by providing favorable energy level alignment. The nanocomposites employed in the interfacial and as an interlayer promote the formation of smooth perovskite film morphology. Furthermore, the nanocomposites form an effective moisture barrier and effectively passivate the perovskite film’s surface defects, thus ensuring long-term stability. Graphene in the nanocomposites plays a crucial role in effecting PSCs’ long-term stability. Hence, the use of graphene-based nanocomposites in the interfacial layers and as an interlayer of PSCs is a potent route to attaining effective solar energy conversion and long-term stability in these devices.