Development, Characterization, Optimization, and In Vivo Evaluation of Methacrylic Acid–Ethyl Acrylate Copolymer Nanoparticles Loaded with Glibenclamide in Diabetic Rats for Oral Administration

The methacrylic acid–ethyl acrylate copolymer nanoparticles were prepared using the solvent displacement method. The independent variables were the drug/polymer ratio, surfactant concentration, Polioxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, the added water volume, time, and stirring speed, while size, PDI, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were the response variables analyzed. A design of screening experiments was carried out to subsequently perform the optimization of the nanoparticle preparation process. The optimal formulation was characterized through the dependent variables size, PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug release profiles. In vivo tests were performed in Wistar rats previously induced with diabetes by administration of streptozotocin. Once hyperglycemia was determined in rats, a suspension of nanoparticles loaded with glibenclamide was administered to them while the other group was administered with tablets of glibenclamide. The optimal nanoparticle formulation obtained a size of 18.98 +/− 9.14 nm with a PDI of 0.37085 +/− 0.014 and a zeta potential of −13.7125 +/− 1.82 mV; the encapsulation efficiency was of 44.5%. The in vivo model demonstrated a significant effect (p < 0.05) between the group administered with nanoparticles loaded with glibenclamide and the group administered with tablets compared to the group of untreated individuals.