Mesoporous crystalline ZnO nanowires have been successfully fabricated by a simple in situ precipitation method combined with porous anodic alumina membranes as the templates. XRD, TEM, and HRTEM analysis shows that the as-synthesized samples are mesoporous ZnO nanowires with a hexagonal structure, which consist of ZnO nanocrystals and pores. The growth mechanism of mesoporous nanowires was discussed.