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Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis

医学 和男人发生性关系的男人 荟萃分析 入射(几何) 丙型肝炎 系统回顾 人口 丙型肝炎病毒 人口学 梅德林 人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) 内科学 环境卫生 病毒学 病毒 梅毒 法学 社会学 物理 光学 政治学
作者
Fengyi Jin,Gregory J. Dore,Gail V. Matthews,Niklas Luhmann,Virginia Macdonald,Sahar Bajis,Rachel Baggaley,Bradley Mathers,Annette Verster,Andrew E. Grulich
出处
期刊:The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology [Elsevier]
卷期号:6 (1): 39-56 被引量:66
标识
DOI:10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30303-4
摘要

Background WHO has set targets for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030. We did a global systematic review of HCV prevalence and incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM) to provide updated estimates that can guide community education and public health policy. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published and listed on MEDLINE or Embase between Jan 1, 2000, and Oct 31, 2019, including conference proceedings. Studies were eligible if they reported measures of HCV prevalence or HCV incidence (or both) among MSM. Studies that relied on participants' self-reported HCV status with no laboratory confirmation were excluded. Pooled HCV estimates in MSM were stratified by HIV status and by injecting drug use, then by WHO region and by income level. Random-effects meta-analysis was done to account for between-study heterogeneity and examined using the I2 statistic. Pooled HCV prevalence was also compared with HCV estimates in the general population and presented as prevalence ratios (PRs). In HIV-negative MSM, incidence estimates were stratified by use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020156262. Findings Of 1221 publications identified, 194 were deemed to be eligible and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled HCV prevalence in MSM was 3·4% (95% CI 2·8–4·0; I2=98·0%) and was highest in Africa (5·8%, 2·5–10·4) and South-East Asia (5·0%, 0·0–16·6). Globally, HCV prevalence was 1·5% (1·0–2·1) in HIV-negative MSM and 6·3% (5·3–7·5) in HIV-positive MSM. Compared with the general population, HCV prevalence was slightly higher in HIV-negative MSM (PR 1·58, 95% CI 1·14–2·01) and markedly higher (6·22, 5·14–7·29) in HIV-positive MSM. Pooled HCV prevalence was substantially higher in MSM who had ever injected drugs (30·2%, 22·0–39·0) or currently injected drugs (45·6%, 21·6–70·7) than in those who never injected drugs (2·7%, 2·0–3·6). In HIV-negative MSM, the pooled HCV incidence was 0·12 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 0·00–0·72) in individuals not on PrEP and 14·80 per 1000 person-years (9·65–20·95) in individuals on PrEP. HCV incidence in HIV-positive MSM was 8·46 per 1000 person-years (6·78–10·32). Interpretation HIV-positive MSM are at substantially increased risk of HCV. Overall, HIV-negative MSM had a slightly higher prevalence of HCV than the general population but had a lower prevalence than HIV-positive MSM. High HCV incidence in more recent PrEP studies suggests that as PrEP use increases, greater HCV transmission might occur. HCV burden in MSM varies considerably by region, which is likely to be associated with variation in the prevalence of injecting drug use and HIV. Funding World Health Organization.
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