Online compensation of electric energy metering deviation in photovoltaic storage microgrids based on a PatchTST-DAE network

The increasing penetration of photovoltaic-storage microgrids causes time-varying electric energy metering deviations due to intermittent power fluctuations, bidirectional power flow, and harmonic disturbances. This study proposes a PatchTST-based denoising metering compensation network (PDMC-Net) for online deviation compensation. A patch-wise transformer encoder captures temporal features, a regression head predicts the subsequent five-minute deviation, and a denoising reconstruction branch regularizes the shared representation against measurement noise and packet loss. The estimated deviation is generated from real-time measurable signals and integrated into a software-based compensation layer, while periodic reference measurements are only used for drift monitoring and model updating. Furthermore, a sliding-window adaptation strategy with forgetting and parameter anchoring tracks gradual metering drift. Experiments on hardware-in-the-loop and field photovoltaic-storage datasets demonstrate that PDMC-Net achieves an mean absolute error of 0.0163 kWh and reduces cumulative field metering error from 1.95% to 0.36% with an inference latency of 8.6 ms.