From “Employment-Oriented Talent Cultivation” to “Human–Machine Collaborative Talent Development”: An AI-Driven Reform and Exploration of the Government–School–Enterprise Collaborative Vocational Education Model in China–ASEAN Modern Craftsman College

The findings indicate that by 2025, the digital economy in Southeast Asia has exceeded USD 300 billion, while the shortage of digital talent across ASEAN has reached approximately 35 million. However, existing collaborative programs remain significantly constrained in terms of curriculum updating speed and technological synchronization capacity. Further analysis demonstrates that AI technologies can provide a critical driving force for addressing these challenges by enabling personalized learning, supporting virtual simulation-based training, and facilitating data-driven intelligent management. Building on these insights, this study proposes a four-dimensional collaborative mechanism characterized by government guidance, school-led development, enterprise-driven participation, and AI-enabled support. It advocates the co-construction of a cross-border intelligent education cloud platform, the development of a dynamic modular curriculum system, and the establishment of competency certification models based on digital profiling. These measures aim to achieve a fundamental transition from “bilateral human collaboration” to an ecosystem of human–machine collaborative talent development, thereby offering actionable pathways for building a resilient and dynamic China–ASEAN vocational education community in the intelligent era.