Allergenicity Risks Associated with Novel Proteins and Rapid Methods of Detection

Novel protein sources require a comprehensive risk assessment as directed in EC regulation no. 258/97. Potential allergenic response from the ingestion or contact with novel proteins is a significant public health concern. Therefore, risk assessment of novel proteins is key to creating awareness and to reducing the risk of allergic reactions. The development of quick and effective allergen detection methods is essential for novel protein manufacturing to ensure accurate labelling and hazards or cross-interaction of these proteins. Techniques currently available for identifying novel protein risks are based on the detection of either protein(s) or their nucleic acids. Those techniques that are based on protein detection include immunoassays, spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. In this chapter, several sources and the risks involved with the different alternative and novel proteins are discussed. Common and fast techniques for allergen detection are discussed with the focus on their advantages and limitations.