医学
铜线
计划生育
卫生服务
发达国家
产科
怀孕
妇科
研究方法
人口
铜
环境卫生
材料科学
遗传学
生物
冶金
标识
DOI:10.1136/dtb.2002.40321
摘要
Relevant BNF section: 7.3.4AbstractModern copper-containing contraceptive intra-uterine devices (IUDs) typically comprise a solid plastic frame loaded with copper wire and/or copper sleeves. Although they are very effective (annual pregnancy rates generally below 1%), some women discontinue their use within a year after insertion because of excessive bleeding and/or painful periods (4-15%), or because the device has been spontaneously expelled (2-8%).1 GyneFix (Contrel) is a new IUD approved for up to 5 years of use. Its manufacturer claims that the device produces fewer unwanted effects, and is less likely to be expelled, than conventional IUDs because it does not have a plastic frame (a frameless device). Here we assess these claims.
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