The scavenger receptor MARCO is a ligand for the immune inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 and regulates its function in cis

LAIR-1 is an inhibitory receptor on immune cells that recognizes collagens and collagen domain-containing proteins. The high abundance of both LAIR-1 and its ligands suggests tight regulation of this interaction. MARCO is a scavenger receptor with a collagen-like domain that is highly expressed on immunosuppressive macrophages. Here, we identified MARCO as a ligand for LAIR-1. MARCO interacted with LAIR-1 in trans and induced inhibitory signaling by LAIR-1 in human natural killer (NK) cells. MARCO and LAIR-1 were coexpressed by human macrophages in tumors and after stimulation of monocyte-derived macrophages with the cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in vitro. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that MARCO and LAIR-1 interacted in cis on THP-1 macrophages. Whereas the interaction did not affect the scavenger function of MARCO on human macrophages, it reduced both LAIR-1 binding and the LAIR-1 signaling response to collagen. LAIR-1-mediated inhibitory function was increased after CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of MARCO in IL-10-polarized primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Our results identify MARCO as a regulator of LAIR-1 signaling and suggest that the induction of MARCO on immunosuppressive macrophages could enhance their function by releasing LAIR-1-mediated inhibition.